Tarihin noma da kiwo a Najeriya 2

Takaitaccen tarihi
Tarihin noma da kiwo a najeriyya yana da alaka sosai da tarihin siyasar wannan kasa. Zaka fahimci wannan ne inka zurfafa binciken tarihin wannan kasa tun kafi zuwan turawa da zuwansu da samun yancin kai da bayan samun yancin kai. Turawan mulkin mallaka sun tadda yan najeriyya na wancan lokacin basu da wata babbar sana’a sai noma da kiwo,bincike ya nuna cewa tattalin arzikinsu ma kacokan ya dogara akan wannan harka ta noma da kiwo.Mulkin mallaka ya fara a najeriyya a shekarar 1861 zuwa 1960, wanda a tsakanin wannan lokacin turawa sun fi mai da hankali wajen bincike (research) da fadakarwa kan sababbin dabarun noma da kiwo wato (extension services) amma fannin noma yafi samun tagomashi daga gwamnati bayan samun yancin kai har zuwa shekaru talatin din farko.

Kudiri najeriyya na 1962-1968 wato (1962-1968 development plan) shine farkon daftarin kuduri a najeriyya, duk da manyan manufofi daya kunsa, amma ya karfafa hanyoyin da za a zamanantar da harkar noma da kiwo.A bisa wannan kuduri ne na ganin mutane sun rungumi harkar noma da kiwo gwamnatin wancan lokaci ta fito da tsare-tsare kamar fadakar da manoma kan su rungumi noman hadin gwiwa,kawo kayayyakin sarrafa amfanin gona na zamani, aka kara fadada harkar fadakar da manoma kan dabarun noma na zamani (extension services).

Abisa wannan kudiri na gwamnati dan bunkasa fannin noma da kiwo ta bullo da shiye-shirye masu yawa kan bunkasa wannan harka kamar su:

-farm settlement scheme
-national accelerated food production programe
-operation feed the nation
-river basin and rural development authority
-green revolution programe
-the world bank funded agricultural development programe
-agricultural transformational agenda  da sauransu.

Duk da karin tagomashi da danyan man fetur yake samun a kasuwar duniya wannan bai hana fannin noma da kiwo ba wajen kara karfafar tattalin arzikin wannan kasa ba, musamman yankin arewacin najeriyya.Zamu gane haka idan muka binciki alkaluman da suke fitowa daga hukumar tattara alkaluma a wannan kasa wato(natinal bereau of statistics) inda alkaluman nan na GDP suka nuna noma yana da tagomashi sosai da sosai,Haka ya kasance  a bangaren   cinikin kasa da kasa da kuma uwa uba samar da aikin yi.Alkaluman da muka samu sun nuna ; lokacin samun kai alkaluman (GDP) yana wajen kashi sittin cikin dari kamar yadda yake a suran kasashen da tattalin arzikin su ya dogara akan noma da kiwo.Amma alkaluman sun nuna koma baya a shekarun 1975 zuwa 1989 wanda ya nuna hada-hadar kashi 25 cikin 100, wannan tya faru ne saboda bunkasar sauran fannoni kamar su kere-kere da hakar ma’adanai (mining).

Kazalika,yanayin bunkasar noma yaci gaba da samun koma baya a wancan lokaci,hakanan a shekarun 1970 zuwa1982 noma yana bunkasa ne da abin da bai gaza kashi daya cikin dari ba yayin da yawan al’umma ke bunkasa da kashi biyu da rabi cikin dari zuwa kashi uku cikin dari a duk shekara.Alkaluman baya-bayannan na GDP sun nuna dan cigaba da yakai kashi 34.70 cikin dari a shekarar 2011.Bayan wannan an samu koma baya wajen fitar da amfanin gona zuwa ketare don sayarwa yayin da kuma yawan amfanin gona yake karuwa a hankali a hankali, sai ya zama na dole abincin da za’a ci a kasarnan  sai an shigo dashi daga ketare don a cike gibi.Najeriyya tana sayan abincin da ya kai naira miliyan 112.88 a shekarun 1970-1974 duk shekara, ya karu zuwa naira miliyan 1,964.8 a shekarar 1991.Alkaluman baya bayannan sun nuna najeriyya tana sayan abincin da yakai na  dala biliyan 17 a duk shekara.kuma yawan sayan abincin yana karuwa dfa kashi 11 cikin 100 duk shekara.

Hakanan a kokarin gwamnati na ganin an samar da ilimi ingantacce kan wannan harka ta noma da kiwo ta kafa manyan makarantun noma da kiwo na zamani  daban-daban a yankunan wannan kasa tun daga samun yancin kai kawo yanzu kamar su:
-agricultural extension  and liason service (AEPLS) a jamiar Ahmadu Bello a shekarar 1963
-international institute of tropical agriculture,Ibadan
-international livestock centre of africa (ILCA)
in mai duka yakai mu lokaci na gaba zamu dora kan kasar noma a najeriyya