Tarihin noma da kiwo a Najeriya

GABATARWA
Kasancewar yanayin da Allah ya albarkanci wannan kasa tamu mai albarka, yana ba da damar noman amfani iri daban-daban ta hanyar mafi sauki da kuma samun yalwar amfanin gona tun tsawon zamani,hakanan bayan samun yancin kai a shekarar 1960 shine ja gaba wajen karfafar tattalin arzikin wannan kasa ta hanyar kudin shiga,samar da aikin yi da kuma cinikin da sauran kasashen duniya (foriegn exchange)  da sauransu, kamar yadda lamarin yake a sauran kasashen yammacin afirika.Hakanan an fi samun tsawon damina da mamakon ruwan sama a yankin kudancin wannan kasa, inda suke da yawan gandun daji da kwazazzabai wannan ya taimaka musa matuka gaya wajen samun karancin rani.

Manyan amfanin gonar kudancin najeriya sune: rogo,doya,makani,dankalin hausa,kwakwar manja,roba da makamantansu. Sune manyan kayayyakin kasuwancin amfanin gona na wannan yankin.Ca wanda ake fitar da shi daga koko yafi yalwa a yankin kudu-maso yamma..Kwakwar manja wadda ake man ja da ita tafi fitowa a yankin kudu-maso gabashin wannan kasa.Yayin da bishiyar roba tafi yawa a yankin kudu-maso kudancin wannan kasa da dan wani yanki na kudu-maso gabas.

Kananan manoma , masu yin amfani da kayan aikin gargajiyya masu noma gonar da ba tafi rabin kadada ba zuwa kadada biyu sun kai kashi biyu bisa uku na adadin manoman da suke kudancin wannan kasa.Hakanan manoman wannan yanki su kan noma hatsi kamar :dawa,gero,masara,shinkafa da dai sauran su.

Yankin arewacin najeriya wanda rani yafi damina dadewa da wajen wata biyar zuwa bakwai a shekara, a lokutan damina ana samin yawan ruwan da ya kai wajen martaba 25 a bisa ma’aunin milimeters. Wanda ruwan yafi yawa a yankin nan na SAHEL da SUDAN savanna.Manyan kayan amfanin gonar wannan yanki sun hada da wake,dawa,gero,masara,shinkafa da sauransu a bangaren hatsi kenan. Bangaren kayan gwari kuwa da suka hadar da tumatir,albasa,tattasai,attaruhu,kabeji,ganyen salak, karas da sauran su nam ma wannan yanki ba a barshi a baya ba. Yayin da gyada,auduga,fatu,kirage da sauransu suka zama jagaba a wajen cinikayyar wannan yanki da sauran yankunan duniya.

A tsakanin busashshen yankin arewa da jikakken yankin kudu akwai yankin GUINEA savanna wanda ake kiransa da arewa ta tsakiya. manyan amfanin gonar wannan yanki sun hada da doya,gero,dawa,rogo,wake,masara,shinkafa da sauransu. Amma babban amfanin gonar da suke cinikayya da shi da sauran kasashen duniya shine ridi musammamn ma a jahar Benuwai

Mafi yawan cimar yan najeriya shine hatsi, amma inda aka fi noma da cin gero da dawa shine yankin arewacin wannan kasa.A shekarar 1980 wadannan hatsi guda biyu sun kai sama da kashi tamanin cikin dari na adadin hatsin da aka noma a najeriya. Noman masara a yankin arewa ta tsakiya yana bawa manoman wannan yanki dama noman ta sau biyu saboda yawan ruwan da suke samu a shekara.

Koko da gyada sune manyan amfanin gona da ake dillancinsu  zuwa kasashen ketare kafin bayyanar danyan man fetur a kudancin wannan kasa a shekarar 1965. koko,auduga,gyada,kwakwar manja,roba,kiraza, fatu da sauransu sune manyan kayayyakin da najeryya take dillancin a kasashen duniya don tada komadar tattalin arzikinta tun daga 1960 zuwa 1970. A wajejen shekarar 1980 zuwa sama aka dinga rage darajar kudin naira aka rushe hukumar dillancin amfanin gona (agricultural marketing board) a shekarar 1986 da niyyar bunkasa cinikayyar kasa da kasa a najeriya amma duk da haka ba’a samu kyakykyawan sakamako ba saboda karancin tallafin da gwamnati taka bayar wa a wannan harka.

Kazalika a farkon shekarar 1980 zuwa sama najeriya ta fara daidaita farashin  amfanin gona, ta hanyar bayar da tallafi kan taki da magungunan feshi da kuma saukaka dokoki da suke wahalar da me son fitar da kaya wje domin cinikayyar kasa da kasa, ta kuma sanya tsaiko  kan shigo da kaya cikin kasar.

Mafita itace dole gwamnati ta kara yawan tallafin da take bayar wa ga manoma na bashi ta hannun bankin manoma kuma ta tabbatar manoman ainihi sune suke cin gajiyar wannan bashi,hana shigo da wasu daga cikin kayan abinci daga ketare, tallafawa da kuma saukaka dokokin fitar da kaya zuwa ketare,tallafawa masana’antun noma da kiwo,gina da gyara hanyoyin yankunan karkara,ilimantar da manoma kan  sababbin dabarun noma da kiwo na zamani da sauransu.Duk da dai an dan fara samun ci gaba musamman a sababbin tsare-tsare da ma’aikatar gona ta tarayya ta bullo dasu amma muna fatan hakan zai dore don a yaki yunwa da fatara ga al’ummarmu. in Allah ya kai mu lokaci nagaba zamu cigaba a inda muka tsaya.