Gabatarwa, jagora da bayani don ku sani game da dawa.
Sorgo (Sorghum) shuka ce ta hatsi na shekara-shekara ko na shekara. Ana ɗaukar ƙasarsu a matsayin yankuna na Gabashin Afirka inda aka shuka shuka a karni na 4 BC. A fannin noman amfanin gona, shukar dawa ce a matsayi na 5 a duniya. Irin wannan babban shaharar dawa ya kasance saboda ƙarancin buƙatun sa yayin girma, yawan amfanin ƙasa, da kaddarorin masu amfani da yawa waɗanda za a iya amfani da su a masana’antu daban-daban. Ana shuka nau’ikan tsire-tsire masu yawa a matsayin shukar da ake nomawa don hatsi, azaman amfanin gona na masana’antu, da kuma matsayin abinci. Bayan haka, noman wannan amfanin gona baya buƙatar injina da kayan aiki na musamman.
Mataki na farko a cikin shirye-shiryen ƙasa don dasa dawa shine aiwatar da aikin gona mai zurfi, dangane da kauri na ƙasan ƙasa zuwa zurfin 25 – 30 cm. Ka tuna cewa tsarin gargajiya na shirye-shiryen ƙasa don dawa ya dace sosai. Duk ayyukan da ake yi a filin da aka yi niyya don shuka dawa, ya kamata su kasance da nufin kashe ciyawa, tara danshi, da daidaita ƙasa. Mafi yawan tsarin noman ƙasa don dawa shine noman farko, wanda ke ba da lalata ciyawa, daidaita ƙasa ta yadda a lokacin bazara, kafin shuka dawa a ƙasan da aka shirya, ana riƙe isasshen danshi a cikin saman saman.
Anan ga manyan matakan girma dawa.
0. Germination
A wannan mataki, ganyen coleoptile na shuka ya keta ta saman ƙasa. Matakin yana daga kwanaki 3 zuwa 14, ya danganta da danshin ƙasa, zafin jiki, da zurfin iri.
1. Ci gaban ganye
A wannan mataki, shuka yana da tsayi 7 zuwa 9 inci kuma ya fara haɓaka ganye. Matakin yana ɗauka har sai aƙalla ganye 5 sun haɓaka.
2. Tillering
Wannan shine lokacin saurin girma na shuka. A wannan mataki, ganyen ƙasa sun faɗi, kuma tillers suna bayyana a gindin shuka.
3. Kara tsawo
A wannan matakin girma na sorghum, ganye na ƙarshe na tsiron yana fitowa. Kara elongation bayyana kanta a cikin ci gaban bayyane Extended internodes. Yana dawwama har sai 9 daga cikinsu ana iya gani.
4. Gaba
A matakin kan gaba, panicle yana fitowa daga kullin ganyen tutar kuma ya zama bayyane. Matakin yana dawwama har sai tsiron ya ci gaba zuwa tsakiyar fure lokacin da panicle gaba ɗaya ya fito daga kullin ganye.
5. Furewa
Furewa ko furanni shine mafi mahimmancin matakan girma na sorghum. A wannan mataki, peduncle yana ci gaba da girma, yana ɗaukar kwanaki 4 – 9 don panicle guda ɗaya don kammala aikin fure.
6. Ci gaban ‘ya’yan itace
A wannan mataki, hatsi ya fara farawa, da sauri ya fadada kuma yana dauke da ruwa mai madara. Tsarin madara yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 7 – 10. Mataki na gaba shine kullu mai laushi, lokacin da hatsi ya daina ƙunshe da ruwa mai madara kuma ya fara kai nauyinsa na ƙarshe. Wannan matakin yana dawwama har sai hatsin ya yi wuya ta yadda ba za a iya murƙushe shi da babban yatsan hannu da maƙasudi ba.
7. Cikakke
A wannan mataki, hatsi ya kai kashi 75% na busasshen nauyinsa na ƙarshe kuma gashin iri ya juya launi na ƙarshe (fari, tagulla ko ja). Jimillar danshi na shuka shine mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma damuwa na ruwa a wannan lokacin yana ƙoƙarin haɓaka wurin zama.
8. Senescence
Wannan shine matakin girma na ƙarshe na dawa, lokacin da hatsi ya kai matsakaicin bushewar nauyinsa. Ana iya ganin tabo masu duhu ko baƙar fata a ƙasan kwaya.
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